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IDEAS THAT GUIDE US: ONE OF A SERIES Sustainability [Note: The California Institute of Public Affairs (CIPA) became InterEnvironment Institute in February 2010. CIPA continues as a program of IE. See the home page for details.] "Sustainability," shorthand for "sustainable development," has become a guiding principle of public policy. One of its most widely used definitions is "Improving the quality of life while living within the carrying capacity of supporting ecosystems." Another is "Development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs."* The concept of sustainable development originated in the 1970s in the international environment and development communities. In the United States, the concept is generally not well understood. In some quarters, it has even been twisted into "sustainable growth," an oxymoron. One reason for this misunderstanding has to do with different meanings of the word "development": In the international arena, the word relates to improving the quality of life in poorer, "developing," countries. In the United States, "development" often brings up visions of bulldozers. In the mid-1990s, CIPA conducted two projects on sustainability under the auspices of IUCN (International Union for Conservation of Nature). One project aimed at removing the ambiguity surrounding sustainability and looked at how the concept could be put into practice. It included an international workshop in Buenos Aires, Argentina, and resulted in a seventeen-author book, A Sustainable World: Defining and Measuring Sustainable Development (CIPA/IUCN/Earthscan, 1995), copies of which are available from CIPA. (For excerpts from the book, click here.) The other project explored how the sustainability ethic could be built into the policy process. See "Raising Annoying Questions: Why Values Should Be Built into Decision-making" on this Web site. Sustainability requires an integrated approach to policy-making that brings together political, social, cultural, economic, and ecological dimensions of public problems, an approach CIPA started using and promoting long before the term "sustainable development": gained currency. CIPA has a strong interest in how the idea of sustainability can be translated into practice. Several examples of the Institute's work along these lines are described elsewhere on this Web site. In addition, two CIPA senior associates have produced books built on the idea of sustainability. Lamont (Monty) C. Hempel of the University of Redlands has written Environmental Governance: The Global Challenge (Island Press, 1996). Daniel A. Mazmanian of the University of Southern California edited Toward Sustainable Communities: Transition and Transformation in Environmental Policy (with Michael E. Kraft, MIT Press, 1999). _______________ *The first definition comes from the World Conservation Strategy (IUCN / United Nations Environment Programme / World Wide Fund for Nature, 1980) and the follow-up document, Caring for the Earth: A Strategy for Sustainable Living (IUCN/UNEP/WWF, 1991). The second definition comes from Our Common Future, also known as the Brundtland Report (Oxford University Press for the World Commission on Environment and Development, 1987).
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